نکاح اور اس میں موجود 26 کالمز

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نکاح ایک سماجی معاہدہ ہے۔ جو فریقین کے درمیان ایجاب وقبول کے عمل سے مکمل ہو جاتا ہے۔ نکاح نامہ ایک قانونی دستاویز ہے۔ اس کے ذریعے حقوق و فرائض کا تعین ہوتا ہے۔
اکثر لوگ نکاح نامہ کی اہمیت سے واقف نہیں ہیں اس لیے ضروری ہے کہ نکاح نامہ کی ضرورت کا احساس دلایا جائے کیوں کے عورت کو مذہب اورقانون نے اپنے مستقبل کے بارے میں جن تحفظات کویقینی بنانے کی اجازت دے رکھی ہے
وہ نکاح نامہ کے کالم صحیح کرنے سے ہی ممکن ہے۔ اس لئے نکاح نامہ کے کالم انتہائی احتیاط سے پر کرنے کی ضرورت ہے۔عام معلومات ( کالم 1 تا 12)
ان کالموں میں دولہا٬ دولہن کا نام ولدیت٬ ضلع٬ عمر٬ یونین کونسل٬ فریقین کی طرف سے وکیل٬ گواہ٬ شادی کی تاریخ اور یہ کی دلہن کنواری٬ بیوہ یا مطلقہ ہے درج کرنا ہوتا ہے
حق مہر (کالم 13تا16)
حق مہر کا نکاح نامہ میں اندراج ضروری ہے۔ جو عورت کا مذہبی اور قانونی حق ہے۔ ارشادات رسول اور عمل رسول کا خلاصہ ہے کہ جو حق مہر شوہر آسانی کے ساتھ ادا کرسکے اور بیوی بھی اس پر راضی ہو وہ شرعی حق مہر ہے ۔
کاح کے کالم نمبر 14 میں اسکی نوعیت لکھی جاتی ہے کہ وہ معجل ہے یا مؤجل۔
اس طرح اگر مہر کا کچھ حصہ شادی کے موقع پر ادا کیا گیا ہو تو کالم نمبر 15 میں اس کی مقدار درج کی جاتی ہے۔
اگر حق مہر کے عوض کوئی جائیداد وغیرہ دی گئی ہو تو کالم نمبر 16میں اس کی مکمل تفصیل اس کے آگے اور پیچھے کیا ہے۔ اور اس وقت اس کی قیمت کیا ہے درج کی جاتی ہے۔ تاکہ بعد میں دھوکا نہ ہو۔
حق مہر کی اقسام
(1)مہر مؤجل
اگر مہر یا اس کے کسی حصے کی ادائیگی مستقبل میں کسی خاص مدت کے بعد دیاجانا طے پائے تو اس کو مہر مؤجل کہتے ہیں۔
(2)مہر معجل
مہر معجل سے مراد مہر کا وہ حصہ جسے فورا ادا کرنا ہوتا ہے یعنی مہر کو نکاح کے وقت ادا کیا جاتا ہے یا جب بیوی طلب کریں تو اس کو فوری ادا کرے گا۔
خاص شرائط ( کالم نمبر 17)
کالم نمبر 17 خاص شرائط سے متعلق ہے جس کی خاص اہمیت ہے اس میں ناچاقی کی صورت میں نان و نفقہ کس طرح ادا ہوگا
اور رہائش کے بارے میں بھی لکھا جا سکتا ہے کہ شادی کے بعد دیہات میں رہائش ہو گی یا شہر میں اور شادی کے بعد تعلیم یا ملازمت جاری رکھنے کی اجازت ہوگی یا نہیں وغیرہ اس میں درج کی جاتی ہیں۔
اس شق میں جہیز کی تفصیل بھی درج کی جاسکتی ہے۔
طلاق تفویض (کالم نمبر 18)
اس شق میں عورت مرد سے طلاق کا حق مانگ سکتی ہے اور اگر شوہر نے بیوی کو طلاق کا حق دے دیا ہے اور اس بارے میں کوئی شرائط مقرر کی ہیں تو وہ بھی اس خانہ میں درج کی جائیں گی۔
اور عورت جب چاہے مقررہ شرائط کو پورا کر کے اس حق کو استعمال کرتے ہوئے اپنے آپ کو شوہر کی زوجیت سے آزاد کر سکتی ہے۔
عورت کو اس کا نوٹس چیئرمین ثالثی کونسل کو دینا ضروری ہے کے اس نے طلاق تفویض کا حق استعمال کیا ہے۔
شوہر کے حق طلاق پر پابندی( کالم نمبر 19)
اس کالم میں شوہر کے حق کے طلاق پر شرائط مقرر مقرر کی جاتی ہیں۔ مثلا حق مہر کی فوری ادائیگی اور بچوں کی حفاظت کی ذمہ داری ماں کی ہوگی وغیرہ یہ بھی یاد رہے کہ عدالت اس کالم کی شرائط کو اسلامی احکامات کے منافی مانتی ہیں
حق مہر اور نان و نفقہ کی دستاویز کا اندراج (کالم نمبر 20)
اگر شادی کے موقع پر حق مہر اور نان و نفقہ کے بارے میں کوئی دستاویز تیار کی گئی ہو تو اس کا اندراج کالم نمبر 20 میں کیا جاتا ہے
دوسری شادی کیلئے اجازت نامہ( کالم نمبر 21٬22)
دوسری شادی کی صورت میں عائلی قوانین کے تحت پہلی بیوی اور چیئرمین ثالثی کونسل کا اجازت نامہ لینا ضروری ہے
اور دوسری شادی کی صورت میں بوقت نکاح کالم نمبر21 کو ضروری پر کرنا چاہیے اس میں دوسری شادی کی اجازت ملنے کی تاریخ درج کرنی ہوتی ہے۔
نکاح نامہ کو نکاح رجسٹرار مکمل کرکے یونین کونسل میں رجسٹرڈ کرواتا ہے
تکنیکی معلومات وغیرہ جیسے نکاح خواں و رجسٹریشن فیس وغیرہ کالم نمبر( 23٫24,25) میں بیان کی جاتی ہے
ختم نبوت کا اقرار کالم نمبر 26 میں کیا جاتا جو کہ حال ہی میں نکاح نامہ میں شامل کیا گیا ہے.

Custody of minor --- Principles governing consideration by courts while deciding custody disputes stated.

Custody of minor --- Welfare of child --- Scope --- Any decision regarding the custody of a child without assessment and determination of the latter's welfare and best interests by taking into consideration the relevant factors and variables cannot be sustainable , nor can the exercise of discretion be lawful --- Welfare of a minor and the latter's best interest is the foundational principle for deciding custody.

PLD 2024 SUPREME COURT 629

Custody of minor - Welfare of child --- Scope --- Mother contracting second marriage --- Not ' a bar to granting custody to the mother - In the present case admittedly , the petitioner ( mother ) has contracted another marriage after her divorce and her second husband had children from his first wife --- From the reasoning recorded in the judgments rendered by the Guardian Judge / Judge Family Court as well as the appellate court it appeared that the petitioner's second marriage and the age of the minor were the two factors that had prevailed for granting custody of the minor to the respondent ( father ) --- Validity -- In the present case , the minor was confident , intelligent and mature enough to form his own preferences --- He had unambiguously stated before the Supreme Court that his father was no more than a stranger because he had not had the opportunity to spend time with him --- He had also stated that he was not familiar with the other members of his father's family and thus for him they too were strangers --- Minor visibly appeared to be happy and comfortable with his mother and his relationship with his step father also seemed to be pleasant ... It was obvious from the record that the respondent , despite being his father , had not made a serious and meaningful effort to assert his visitation rights --- Minor was definitely not prepared live with his father at this stage --- He nor willing to unambiguously stated that he preferred to remain in the custody of his mother with whom he had lived since his birth --- Crucial factor of the welfare of the minor and his best interest was not taken into consideration by the courts --- In such an eventuality the minor would have been compelled , without his consent , to abruptly shift to a new abode where all the inhabitants would have been strangers to him --- It would have definitely exposed him to unimaginable mental and emotional trauma - It could have resulted in irreversible lifelong psychological scars --- It was obvious from the record that neither the family court nor the appellate court had taken appropriate steps to assess the welfare of the minor and , instead , the question of custody was decided on the basis of other factors --- Factors taken into consideration could not override the criterion of adopting the course which would have been in the best interest of the child --- Courts had erred in failing to inquire into or assess the emotional and psychological impact on the minor in case of an abrupt displacement from the custody of his mother with whom he had lived since his birth --- Relevant factors such as the parenting capacity , relationship of the child with each parent , the mental health of both the parents as well as the minor , the latter's emotional and mental needs and such other relevant factors in the context of determining the welfare of the child were not taken into consideration let alone assessment and determination of a course that would have been in the best interest of the child --- Petition was converted into an appeal and allowed ; the impugned judgments / orders were setaside , and consequently it was directed that the custody of the minor shall be retained by the petitioner ( mother ) --- Supreme Court expected that as reasonable and responsible parents the respondent and the petitioner would amicably settle the custody dispute having regard to the best interest and welfare of the minor , and that a visitation schedule would also be , settled by them in such manner which would not breach the principle of the welfare of the minor .

PLD 2024 SUPREME COURT 629 

Khula --- Halala --- As khula is a special and exclusive right given to a woman , which is not available to a man ,.........

Khula --- Halala --- As khula is a special and exclusive right given to a woman , which is not available to a man , she can seek dissolution on the basis of khula in which one of the consequences is that she can re - marry the same man , without entering into intervening or intermediary marriage i.e. halala .

PLD 2024 Supreme Court 645 

Khula is a basic right of a woman under Muslim family law -- Right to seck khula is the exclusive and absolute right of the woman --- She must in unambiguous and unequivocal terms express her intention to exercise such right before the court , that is to say , she must put her offer before the court that she seeks release from the marriage by waiving her dower and only then the court can grant her khula --- Fundamentally , the principle is that khula cannot be granted , if it has not been explicitly sought for by the woman because she has to give up her right to dower --- Hence , a court cannot on its own pass the decree of khula if it has not been sought for by the woman --- Therefore , her consent is vital .

PLD 2024 Supreme Court 645

Section 6 of the "Ordinance, 1961" places a restriction on the second marriage of husband unless he obtains prior permission in ......

 2024 CLC 1170
WP 97-24
SONIA SHARIEF VS ADJ ETC
Mr. Justice Mirza Viqas Rauf

Section 6 of the "Ordinance, 1961" places a restriction on the second marriage of husband unless he obtains prior permission in writing of the Arbitration Council. Sub-section 5 of section 6 of the "Ordinance, 1961" provides consequences of contracting second marriage by a man without permission of Arbitration Council, one of which is that he has to face prosecution in complaint and if it is proved that he contracted second marriage without permission of the Arbitration Council, he shall be liable to be convicted and punishable with the simple imprisonment which may extend to one year and with fine of five hundred thousand rupees. The petitioner being wife of "respondent" lodged a complaint under section 6 of the "Ordinance, 1961" before the Senior Civil Judge (Family Division), Tehsil Sarai Alambir, District Gujrat through her special attorney Naveed Hanif s/o Muhammad Hanif, which was dismissed being not proceedable through attorney. "Ordinance, 1961" does not prescribe any procedure for the trial of the complaint, however, the Rules under the "Ordinance, 1961" (hereinafter referred to as "Rules, 1961") framed under section 11 pave way for the trial of offences under the "Ordinance, 1961". Needless to mention here that Rule 21 of the "Rules, 1961" ordains that no Court shall take cognizance of any offence under the Ordinance or these rules save on a complaint in writing by the Union Council, stating the fact constituting the offence. It would not be out of context to mention here that Rule 21 was later on reconstituted by the orders of the Governor of Punjab in exercise of powers conferred upon him by section 11 of the "Ordinance, 1961" through S.O X-1-15/75-Vol.II published in Gazette of Punjab, Extraordinary, 14th October, 1976 and words "aggrieved party" were inserted in place of "Union Council

Entry in column No.17 of the Nikahnama---Interpretation---Free consent and freedom of the bride to settle the terms of her Nikah Nama---Significance---Entitlement of divorced wife to immoveable property described in column 17........

2024 SCMR 1078 

Entry in column No.17 of the Nikahnama---Interpretation---Free consent and freedom of the bride to settle the terms of her Nikah Nama---Significance---Entitlement of divorced wife to immoveable property described in column 17 of the Nikah Nama---Form of Nikah Nama nor its headings are conclusive or sacrosanct---It is the intent of the parties which would be the determining factor---In the present case the description of the plot in column 17 of the Nikah Nama is explicit and not disputed---However, there is no condition stipulated in the column except the description of the plot---Petitioner (husband) had filed his written statement in response to the plaint and had expressly admitted the description of the property but he had taken the stance that the plot was meant for the construction of a house and the respondent (wife) was to live in it for as long as the marriage subsisted---However, a plain reading of the description of the property, as mentioned in column 17, does not indicate nor supports such a stance---If such an interpretation is accepted then the property would not form part of the dower separately mentioned in columns 13 to 16 of the Nikah Nama---Copy of the Nikah Nama showed that no condition has been stipulated in column 17 except describing the property---It is not the case of the petitioner (husband) that the columns were filled by the respondent (wife) or pursuant to meaningful consultation carried out with her before or at the time of execution of the Nikah Nama---No such evidence was brought on record---Onus was on the petitioner (husband) to establish that the property described in column No. 17 was not meant nor intended by the parties to be part of the dower---Ambiguity, if any, cannot be construed against the interests and rights of the respondent (wife) in the facts and circumstances of the present case---Moreover, accepting the stance of the petitioner (husband) would amount to reading in the Nikah Nama something not provided therein----Courts cannot construe the Nikah Nama and its entries as having the effect of applying a stipulation not expressly provided therein---High Court had correctly interpreted the columns of the Nikah Nama and declared the respondent (wife) entitled to the plot described in column 17 of the Nikah Nama.

2024 SCMR 1078
MUHAMMAD YOUSAF vs HUMA SAEED

Dower (mehr)---Entries in columns of the Nikah Nama---Interpretation---Free consent of the bride and her freedom to settle the terms and conditions of the Nikah Nama---Significance--

 Dower (mehr)---Entries in columns of the Nikah Nama---Interpretation---Free consent of the bride and her freedom to settle the terms and conditions of the Nikah Nama---Significance---Courts, while interpreting the contents and terms and conditions of a Nikah Nama, also have to take into consideration the factor of free consent of the bride and her freedom to settle the terms and conditions as a person having an informed understanding of her rights---This is crucial in the context of the social and cultural norms generally prevalent in the society---If an ambiguity or doubt arises in relation to the terms and conditions of the Nikah Nama, an entry or column thereof, then the benefit ought to go in favor of the wife if there does not exist preponderance of evidence on record to establish that she had been informed of her rights, she understood each column of the Nikah Nama, and she had the freedom to negotiate and settle the terms and conditions out of free consent---In case the columns of the Nikah Nama have been filled by others without her meaningful consultation then a doubt or ambiguity cannot be interpreted against her rights or interests---It is implicit in the expression ''free consent'' that the wife, at the time of executing the Nikah Nama, had the freedom to settle the terms and conditions as an informed person competent to enter into a contract---Paternal tendencies of the society and dominance of the male members in relation to deciding the terms and conditions on behalf of the bride has generally been accepted as a cultural and social norm of the society---It places a bride in a disadvantageous position, inevitably adversely affecting her capacity to execute the contract with free consent---Weakness or creation of an ambiguity in a Nikah Nama cannot be interpreted against the interest and rights of a wife if it cannot be established that she had the freedom to settle the terms and conditions and had exercised her free will.

2024 SCMR 1078
MUHAMMAD YOUSAF vs HUMA SAEED

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